When Scott Keim assumed his new duties as Louisa County, VA, Fire & EMS chief on July 25, 2011, he did not imagine that he would be facing one of the most challenging incidents of his career in less than a month on the job.
On Aug. 23 at 1:51 P.M., a 5.8-magnitude earthquake occurred in Virginia, as recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The epicenter was located five miles south-southwest of the Louisa County community of Mineral. Louisa County is between Charlottesville (29 miles away) and Richmond (38 miles away). The largely suburban/rural county covers 511 square miles and has a population of approximately 33,000.
For a number of reasons, this earthquake was different from those that occur on the West Coast and it sent shockwaves that were felt from as far south as Atlanta, GA, and as far north as Canada. In addition to the significant damage that occurred near the epicenter, there was significant damage in Culpeper. There were also reports of damage to the Washington Monument, among other buildings. The North Anna nuclear power plant is in Louisa County, approximately 10 miles from the epicenter, and automatically went through a shutdown process.
“At first, I thought it might be some sort of explosion, but as the building continued to shake for a significant time, I immediately knew it was an earthquake and moved to a doorway,” Keim said. In the first moments following the earthquake, Keim said, officials began to receive a significant number of calls reporting structural damage. One of the first major causes of concern was a report of structural damage at Louisa County High School, where classes were already in session. The first action was to assess the Louisa Fire-EMS and County Administration building. Once the building was determined to be safe, the Emergency Operations Center was activated.
Public Safety Communications
Keim found communications an immediate challenge.
“During the busiest time following the earthquake and when we needed communications the most, we could not depend on commercial wireless networks,” he said. “Additionally, with only two County LMR operating channels, a dedicated broadband network would have greatly enhanced our emergency operations. The need for a dedicated nationwide public safety broadband network is absolutely necessary if we are going to be able to communicate under the most extreme situations like the earthquake we just experienced in Virginia. A dedicated nationwide public safety broadband network is the only way that Louisa and other rural areas will ever realize this possibility.”
One Louisa Fire-EMS land mobile radio (LMR) would be dedicated to Mineral and the high school, leaving only one LMR channel to handle all of the emergency traffic for Louisa County. Communications were also challenged as some mutual aid responders and inspectors’ radio equipment from other localities was not interoperable with Louisa County.
Having only one protocol for “building collapse” created a problem early on as Louisa County fire-rescue resources were quickly overwhelmed by the large number and wide array of structural damage reports. A decision was made to dispatch units to only those reports where building damage involved injuries or entrapment. Louisa Fire-EMS received more than 800 reports of building damage, of which approximately 600 have been made by assessment teams.
Damage Assessment
Whenever there is significant damage from such an event, the critical issue is getting a fast and accurate estimate of damage in order to initiate an emergency declaration for federal assistance. The assessment process was and continues to be a daunting process. The process has required inspectors from other localities and organizations such as the American Red Cross, the Virginia Department of Emergency Management and others to assist. This becomes a huge logistical challenge that requires a significant effort of coordination.
Louisa County’s Geographic Information System was an important tool that provided a geospatial visualization (map) of the earthquake damage. The mapping showed that the first reported damage occurred about a half-mile from the epicenter and it ran in a unique line.
Collecting insurance information also was an important aspect of the county’s assessment process. Many residents had to move out of their homes because the structures were unsafe or uninhabitable, making the assessment process even more difficult and time consuming. In many cases, citizens did not have earthquake riders on their insurance policies. Also, individuals are not eligible for federal disaster assistance.
The Damage
As of Sept. 1, the official damage reports for Louisa County were as follows:
- $63.8 million in damage to public school structures
- $12.8 million in damage to residential structures
- $475,000 in damage to religious structures
- $1 million in damage to commercial structures
- $690,000 in damage to government structures, including Louisa County, the Town of Louisa and the Town of Mineral
- $250,000 in damage to Louisa County Water Authority structures
The damage to Louisa County public schools and Louisa County government structures is partially covered by insurance and local officials are working with insurance adjusters to determine coverage limits and direct costs. Structural engineers and insurance companies are continuing inspections and reviews. Two schools in Louisa remain unoccupied due to concerns of structural integrity. The majority of residential structures did not have earthquake insurance. Officials expect these figures to change as damage assessment teams continue to traverse the county.
Aftershocks and Aftereffects
After the earthquake, there were more than a dozen aftershocks and the USGS indicated that aftershocks may be felt for months, which is similar to other earthquakes.
Secondary to the earthquake, citizens of Louisa also called 911 with reports of chest pains and anxiety-related medical calls. This required additional assistance for psychological counseling. Anxiety from earthquakes is a common experience.
If the earthquake was not bad enough, Louisa and its residents had to endure the remnants and rain from Hurricane Irene. Fortunately there were no serious injuries from the earthquake.
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The Louisa County schools video of the earthquake may be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpTqa23FiXY&feature=related.
CHARLES WERNER, EFO, CFO, a Firehouse® contributing editor, is the fire chief for the City of Charlottesville, VA, Fire Department.
Charles Werner
CHARLES WERNER, who is a Firehouse contributing editor, is a 45-year veteran of public safety. He served with the Charlottesville, VA, Fire Department for 37 years, serving the past 10 years as chief. Following retirement, Werner served for two years as senior adviser and acting deputy state coordinator for the Virginia Department of Emergency Management. He has chaired: DHS SAFECOM Executive Committee; IAFC Technology Council; National Information Sharing Consortium; and DHS/White House Incident Management Information Sharing SubCommittee. Werner currently serves as the director of DroneResponders Public Safety Alliance, chair of the National Council on Public Safety UAS and chair of the Virginia Secure Commonwealth UAS Sub Panel.
